Kidney Stones

SOURCES:National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: “Kidney Stones.”Cleveland Clinic: “Kidney Stones,” “Renal Colic.”American Family Physician: “Kidney Stones: Treatment and Prevention.”Urology Care Foundation: “What are Kidney Stones?” “Pregnancy and Kidney Stones.” Mayo Clinic: “Kidney Stones.”Johns Hopkins Medicine: “Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray,” “Intravenous Pyelogram.”BMC Nephrology: “Fructose increases risk for kidney stones: potential role in metabolic syndrome and heat stress.”NIH: “DASH Eating Plan.”National Kidney Foundation: “Kidney Stones,” “Kidney Stone Diet Plan and Prevention,” “Medullary Sponge Kidney.” Harvard Health Publications, Harvard Medical School: “5 steps for preventing kidney stones,” “Kidney stones: Common, painful, preventable.”University of Chicago: “Types of Kidney Stones: A Primer.”National Organization for Rare Disorders: “Dent Disease.”Kettering Health Network: “What You Should Know About Kidney Stones.”UW Health: “Medication Contributors to Kidney Stones.”FDA: “Crixivan.”UpToDate: “Nephrolithiasis during pregnancy.”University of California, San Francisco: “Parathyroidectomy.”National Health Service: “Treatment: Kidney Stones.”InformedHealth.org: “Kidney Stones: Overview.”